Small scale vegetable productions have recently received considerable attention for their contribution to food and nutrition security, income and opportunities for enhancing smallholder livelihoods. The study used cross-sectional data from 300 participants from Kilosa and Chamwino districts. Given the enormous efforts spent on vegetable gardening and increasing importance of vegetables in Tanzania, there is inadequate knowledge on vegetables gardening systems especially in rural areas and its contributions to the household income. The objectives of the study were: To determine profitability of different vegetable garden systems in the study area; to determine the contribution of vegetable gardening systems to household incomes in Kilosa and Chamwino districts; Multistage sampling procedure was employed and Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from small-scale vegetable farmers. The data was analysed using the descriptive statistics, Gross margin analysis and Multinomial Logit Model. SPSS and Excel computer programs were used to process the data. The results showed that though, indigenous vegetables are overlooked and perceived to be old fashioned food but in Chamwino district, contributed highly to household income compared to other sources of vegetables 26.2%. The mean gross margins results were TZS 1212.12/m², TZS 2581.34/m², TZS 653.11/m², TZS 513.44/m² for sack/pocket/tower, around home (kitchen), river and intercropped vegetable gardening systems respectively for Kilosa district and TZS 2823.08/m², TZS 619.76/m², TZS 420.35/m² for sack/bag/tower, around home (kitchen) and intercropped vegetable gardening systems in Chamwino district. Multinomial Logit Model results showed that age, gender, education level and pineapple yields significantly influenced the decision to participate in vegetable gardening systems. Age of the household head, formal schooling, saving at home/pocket, livestock ownership, receiving remittance and access to credit significantly influenced the choice of vegetable gardening systems.